(Open) Data literacy: Which relationships with open data adoption? A systematic review of the literature
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Nov 22, 2023
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Abstract
Data literacy is considered a key dimension supporting citizens’ enhancement of open data. Nevertheless, more precise definitions of its role and the consideration of nuances between the types of knowledge and abilities that influence a relevant use of open data are needed. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review of the literature, spotting: a) the role of data literacy among several barriers to use; and b) activities around open data that promote informal learning by supporting the development of critical data literacy as a proxy of the citizens' further engagement with open data. We screened and selected 66 articles, applying a keyword mapping technique, followed by coding and quantitative analysis of the articles. Our findings highlight that, on the one hand, limited data literacy interferes with the use of open data. On the other hand, open data activities appear to generate relevant opportunities for cultivating citizens' technical data literacy, allowing them to understand and interact with data-driven decision-making processes. Nevertheless, there is little attention on critical data literacy as a key driver for the strategic and transformative use of open government data. Finally, this study could set the basis to support lifelong learning interventions aimed at cultivating open data literacy.
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References
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Edwards, P. N., Mayernik, M. S., Batcheller, A. L., Bowker, G. C., & Borgman, C. L. (2011). Science friction: Data, metadata, and collaboration. Social Studies of Science, 41(5), 667–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312711413314
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Haklae, K. (2018). Interlinking Open Government Data in Korea using Administrative District Knowledge Graph. Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 6, 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1633/JISTaP.2018.6.1.2
Ifeanyi-obi, C., & Ibiso, H. (2020). Extension agents perception of open data usage in agricultural communication in Abia State. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 24(4), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.10
Jarke, J. (2019). Open government for all? Co-creating digital public services for older adults through data walks. Online Information Review, 43(6), 1003–1020. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2018-0059
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Kassen, M. (2020). Open data and its peers: understanding promising harbingers from Nordic Europe. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 72(5), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-12-2019-0364
Khayyat, M., & Bannister, F. (2017). Towards a model for facilitating and enabling co-creation using open government data. Information Polity, 22(4), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-170406
Knaus, T. (2020). Technology criticism and data literacy: The case for an augmented understanding of media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 12(3), 6–16.
Koltay, T. (2017). Data literacy for researchers and data librarians. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450
Matheus, R., & Janssen, M. (2020). A Systematic Literature Study to Unravel Transparency Enabled by Open Government Data: The Window Theory. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(3), 503–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1691025
Matheus, R., Maia Ribeiro, M., & Vaz, J. C. (2018). Strategies and instruments for the dissemination and promotion of open government data use in Brazil: case study of Rio de Janeiro city hall. Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade, 14(33). https://doi.org/10.3895/rts.v14n33.6866
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Mergel, I., Kleibrink, A., & Sörvik, J. (2018). Open data outcomes: U.S. cities between product and process innovation. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 622–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.004
Milan, S., & van der Velden, L. (October 10, 2016). The alternative epistemologies of data activism. Forthcoming in Digital Culture & Society, Special Issue 'The Politics of Big Data'. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2850470
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Mustapa, M. N., Hamid, S., & Md Nasaruddin, F. H. (2019). Exploring the issues of open government data implementation in Malaysian public sectors. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 9(4), 1466. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.4.8850
Patterson, J. T., & Morshed, S. (2021). Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Evidence‐Based Orthopedics, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413936.CH3
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Quarati, A. (2021). Open Government Data: Usage trends and metadata quality. Journal of Information Science, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515211027775
Quarati, A., & Raffaghelli, J. E. (2020). Do researchers use open research data? Exploring the relationships between usage trends and metadata quality across scientific disciplines from the Figshare case. Journal of Information Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520961048
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Raffaghelli, J. E., Manca, S., Stewart, B., Prinsloo, P., & Sangrà, A. (2020). Supporting the development of critical data literacies in higher education: Building blocks for fair data cultures in society. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00235-w
Raffaghelli, J. E., & Stewart, B. (2020). Centering complexity in ‘educators’ data literacy’ to support future practices in faculty development: A systematic review of the literature. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(4), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1696301
Robinson, P. J., & Johnson, P. A. (2016). Civic hackathons: New terrain for local government-citizen interaction? Urban Planning, 1(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i2.627
Ruijer, E., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., van den Berg, J., & Meijer, A. (2020). Open data work: understanding open data usage from a practice lens. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 86(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317753068
Sander, I. (2020). Critical big data literacy tools—Engaging citizens and promoting empowered internet usage. Data & Policy, 2. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2020.5
Sangrá, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., & Guitert‐Catasús, M. (2019). Learning ecologies through a lens: Ontological, methodological and applicative issues. A systematic review of the literature. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1619-1638. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12795
Taylor, L. (2017). What is data justice? The case for connecting digital rights and freedoms globally. Big Data & Society, July-December 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736335
Usova, T., & Laws, R. (2021). Teaching a one-credit course on data literacy and data visualisation. Journal of Information Literacy, 15(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.11645/15.1.2840
van Veenstra, A. F., Grommé, F., & Djafari, S. (2020). The use of public sector data analytics in the Netherlands. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol.15 No. 4, (pp. 396-419). https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-09-2019-0095
van Eck, N. J., Waltman, L., Dekker, R., & van den Berg, J. (2010). A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS. http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2551
Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022, March 17). DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. JRC Publications Repository. https://doi.org/10.2760/115376
Yin, C., Xiong, Z., Chen, H., Wang, J., Cooper, D., & David, B. (2015). A literature survey on smart cities. Science China. Information Sciences, 58(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5397-4
Zawacki-Richter, O., & Latchem, C. (2018). Exploring four decades of research in computers & education. Computers & Education, 122, 136–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2018.04.001
Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2015). Acceptance and use predictors of open data technologies: Drawing upon the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.005
Atenas, J., Havemann, L., & Timmermann, C. (2020). Critical literacies for a datafied society: academic development and curriculum design in higher education. Research in Learning Technology, 28(0). https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v28.2468
Baack, S. (2015). Datafication and empowerment: How the open data movement re-articulates notions of democracy, participation, and journalism. Big Data & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715594634
Bonina, C., & Eaton, B. (2020). Cultivating open government data platform ecosystems through governance: Lessons from Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Montevideo. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101479
Boychuk, M., Lloyd, A., & Mackeigan, C. (2016). Do we need data literacy? Public perceptions regarding Canada’s open data initiative. Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5931/djim.v12.i1.6449
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carretero, S., Vuorikari, R., & Punie, Y. (2017). The digital competence framework for citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. European Commission. https://doi.org/10.2760/38842
Coughlan, T. (2019). The use of open data as a material for learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09706-y
D’Ignazio, C., & Bhargava, R. (2015). Approaches to Building Big Data Literacy. In Bloomberg Data for Good Exchange 2015. New York, NY, USA.
D’Ignazio, C., & Klein, L. F. (2020). Data Feminism. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11805.001.0001
Davies, T., Walker, S., Rubinstein, M., & Perini, F. (2019). The State of Open Data: Histories and Horizons. Cape Town and Ottawa: African Minds and International Development Research Centre. Retrieved from https://stateofopendata.od4d.net/
Degbelo, A., Wissing, J., & Kauppinen, T. (2018). A comparison of geovisualizations and data tables for transparency enablement in the open government data landscape. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 14(4), 39–64. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEGR.2018100104
Edwards, P. N., Mayernik, M. S., Batcheller, A. L., Bowker, G. C., & Borgman, C. L. (2011). Science friction: Data, metadata, and collaboration. Social Studies of Science, 41(5), 667–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312711413314
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Gasco-Hernandez, M., & Pardo, T. A. (2020). Beyond Transparency, Participation, and Collaboration? A Reflection on the Dimensions of Open Government. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(3), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2020.1734726
Haklae, K. (2018). Interlinking Open Government Data in Korea using Administrative District Knowledge Graph. Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 6, 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1633/JISTaP.2018.6.1.2
Ifeanyi-obi, C., & Ibiso, H. (2020). Extension agents perception of open data usage in agricultural communication in Abia State. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 24(4), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.10
Jarke, J. (2019). Open government for all? Co-creating digital public services for older adults through data walks. Online Information Review, 43(6), 1003–1020. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2018-0059
Loría-Solano, E., & Raffaghelli, J. E. (2021). Competency model for open data literacy in professional learning within the context of Open Government Data (OGD). In Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium of XVI European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, September 20–21, 2021, Bolzano, Italy. Retrieved from https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3076/ECTEL2021_DC_paper13.pdf
Loría Solano, E., Guitert, M., & Raffaghelli, J. E. (2021). (Open) Data literacy: Dataset for a systematic review of the literature. Italian Journal of Educational Technology. Online First (pp. 1–21). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10116328
Kassen, M. (2020). Open data and its peers: understanding promising harbingers from Nordic Europe. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 72(5), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-12-2019-0364
Khayyat, M., & Bannister, F. (2017). Towards a model for facilitating and enabling co-creation using open government data. Information Polity, 22(4), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-170406
Knaus, T. (2020). Technology criticism and data literacy: The case for an augmented understanding of media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 12(3), 6–16.
Koltay, T. (2017). Data literacy for researchers and data librarians. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000615616450
Matheus, R., & Janssen, M. (2020). A Systematic Literature Study to Unravel Transparency Enabled by Open Government Data: The Window Theory. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(3), 503–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1691025
Matheus, R., Maia Ribeiro, M., & Vaz, J. C. (2018). Strategies and instruments for the dissemination and promotion of open government data use in Brazil: case study of Rio de Janeiro city hall. Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade, 14(33). https://doi.org/10.3895/rts.v14n33.6866
Maybee, C., & Zilinski, L. (2015). Data informed learning: A next phase data literacy framework for higher education. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 52(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.1450520100108
Mergel, I., Kleibrink, A., & Sörvik, J. (2018). Open data outcomes: U.S. cities between product and process innovation. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 622–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.004
Milan, S., & van der Velden, L. (October 10, 2016). The alternative epistemologies of data activism. Forthcoming in Digital Culture & Society, Special Issue 'The Politics of Big Data'. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2850470
Moher, D., Liberati, A., & Tetzlaff, J. A. D. (2009). PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram. In The PRISMA statement (Vol. 6). Retrieved from http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20flow%20diagram.pdf
Montes, M. G., & Slater, D. (2019). Issues in open data: Data literacy. In T. Davies, S. Walker, M. Rubinstein, & F. Perini (Eds.). In The state of open data: Histories and horizons (pp. 274–286). Cape Town and Ottawa: African Minds and International Development Research Centre. http://stateofopendata.od4d.net/
Mustapa, M. N., Hamid, S., & Md Nasaruddin, F. H. (2019). Exploring the issues of open government data implementation in Malaysian public sectors. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 9(4), 1466. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.4.8850
Patterson, J. T., & Morshed, S. (2021). Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Evidence‐Based Orthopedics, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413936.CH3
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A Practical Guide. In Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887
Pybus, J., Coté, M., & Blanke, T. (2015). Hacking the social life of Big Data. Big Data & Society, 2(2), 205395171561664. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951715616649
Quarati, A. (2021). Open Government Data: Usage trends and metadata quality. Journal of Information Science, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515211027775
Quarati, A., & Raffaghelli, J. E. (2020). Do researchers use open research data? Exploring the relationships between usage trends and metadata quality across scientific disciplines from the Figshare case. Journal of Information Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551520961048
Raffaghelli, J. E. (2018). Open data for learning: A case study in Higher Education. In A. Volungeviciene & A. Szűcs (Eds.), Exploring the Micro, Meso and Macro. Navigating between dimensions in the digital learning landscape. Proceedings of the EDEN Annual Conference, 2018 (pp. 178–190). European Distance and E-Learning Network. https://doi.org/978-615-5511-23-3
Raffaghelli, J. E., Manca, S., Stewart, B., Prinsloo, P., & Sangrà, A. (2020). Supporting the development of critical data literacies in higher education: Building blocks for fair data cultures in society. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00235-w
Raffaghelli, J. E., & Stewart, B. (2020). Centering complexity in ‘educators’ data literacy’ to support future practices in faculty development: A systematic review of the literature. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(4), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1696301
Robinson, P. J., & Johnson, P. A. (2016). Civic hackathons: New terrain for local government-citizen interaction? Urban Planning, 1(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i2.627
Ruijer, E., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., van den Berg, J., & Meijer, A. (2020). Open data work: understanding open data usage from a practice lens. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 86(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317753068
Sander, I. (2020). Critical big data literacy tools—Engaging citizens and promoting empowered internet usage. Data & Policy, 2. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2020.5
Sangrá, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., & Guitert‐Catasús, M. (2019). Learning ecologies through a lens: Ontological, methodological and applicative issues. A systematic review of the literature. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1619-1638. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12795
Taylor, L. (2017). What is data justice? The case for connecting digital rights and freedoms globally. Big Data & Society, July-December 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736335
Usova, T., & Laws, R. (2021). Teaching a one-credit course on data literacy and data visualisation. Journal of Information Literacy, 15(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.11645/15.1.2840
van Veenstra, A. F., Grommé, F., & Djafari, S. (2020). The use of public sector data analytics in the Netherlands. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol.15 No. 4, (pp. 396-419). https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-09-2019-0095
van Eck, N. J., Waltman, L., Dekker, R., & van den Berg, J. (2010). A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS. http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2551
Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S., & Punie, Y. (2022, March 17). DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. JRC Publications Repository. https://doi.org/10.2760/115376
Yin, C., Xiong, Z., Chen, H., Wang, J., Cooper, D., & David, B. (2015). A literature survey on smart cities. Science China. Information Sciences, 58(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5397-4
Zawacki-Richter, O., & Latchem, C. (2018). Exploring four decades of research in computers & education. Computers & Education, 122, 136–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2018.04.001
Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2015). Acceptance and use predictors of open data technologies: Drawing upon the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.005