3D Virtual environments as effective learning contexts for cultural heritage
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Jul 30, 2018
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Abstract
3D technology can be a valid support to cultural heritage not only for visual presentation and documentation, but also for communication and educational purposes. In this paper, we will discuss the potential of 3D virtual environments as effective learning contexts for Cultural Heritage. This encompasses various disciplines such as history, art, and languages, and includes both tangible and intangible content like myths, beliefs and social values. We will analyse virtual and augmented reality and innovative interfaces, highlighting their affordances for successfully triggering learning experiences. A number of digital environments and serious games will be also analysed with respect to their potential for supporting immersion, presence and motivation. In the literature, these factors are considered key in raising learner interest, making 3D worlds a direct and engaging setting for informal learning in Cultural Heritage.
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References
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Biasotti, S., Cerri, A., Falcidieno, B. & Spagnuolo, M. (2015). 3D artifacts similarity based on the concurrent evaluation of heterogeneous properties. ACM Journal on computing and cultural heritage, 8(4). doi: 10.1145/2747882
Biocca, F., Inoue, Y., Lee, A., Polinsky, H., & Tang, A. (2002). Visual cues and virtual touch: Role of visual stimuli and intersensory integration in cross-modal haptic illusions and the sense of presence. Fifth International Workshop on Presence, June 2001, Porto, Portugal (247–265).
Catalano, C.E., Repetto, A. & Spagnuolo, M. (2017), A dashboard for the analysis of tangible heritage artefacts: a case study in archaeology. EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Graz, Austria, 27-29, 2017.
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 245-264. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0403_01
Cohen, J. (2006). Audience identification with media characters. In J. Bryant, & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Psychology of entertainment (pp. 183-197). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Damala, A., Hornecker, E., van der Vaart, M.,van Dick, D., & Ruthven, I. (2016). The Loupe: Tangible Augmented Reality for Learning to Look at Ancient Greek Art. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 16(5), 73-85.
Draper, J. V., Kaber, D. B., & Usher, J. M. (1998). TelePresence. Human Factors, 40(3), 354-375.
Earp, J. Catalano, C. E., & Mortara, M. (2015). Investigating the Deployment of Serious Games in Secondary Education: A Pilot Study Inspired by Design-Based Research. Lecture notes in computer science, Volume 9221, International Conference on Games and Learning Alliance GALA 2014, July 2014, Bucharest, Romania (pp. 5-15).
Fanini, B., & Pagano, A. (2015). Interface Design for Serious Game Visual Strategies - The Case Study of Imago Bononiae. Digital Heritage 2015 International Congress Proceedings. Oct 2015, Granada, Spain (pp. 623-626). doi: 10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7419583
Frischer, B. (2013). Introduction with Remarks on Digital Restoration of the Richmond Caligula and Its Methodological Implications. In Papers of the NEH Symposium "Caligula 3D" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Dec. 2013, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Retrieved from http://www.digitalsculpture.org/papers/frischer/frischer_paper.html
Grouling Cover, J. (2010). The Creation of Narrative in Tabletop Role-Playing Games. McFarland & Company. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co Inc.
Gutierrez, D., Frischer, B., Cerezo, E., Gomez, A., & Seron, F., (2007). AI and virtual crowds: Populating the Colosseum. Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2007, 176-185. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2007.01.007
Happ, C., Melzer, A., & Steffgen, G. (2013). Superman vs. BAD man? The effects of empathy and game character in violent video games.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 774-778.
Heeter, C. (1992). Being There: The subjective experience of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(2), 262-271.
Hugues, O., Fuchs, P., & Nannipieri, O. (2011). New Augmented Reality Taxonomy: Technologies and Features of Augmented Environment. Furht, Borko Editors. Handbook of Augmented Reality, Springer, pp.47-63.
Ijsselsteijn, W. A., de Ridder, H., Freeman, J., & Avons, S. E. (2000). Presence: Concept, determinants and measurement. In B. E. Rogowitz, & T. N. Pappas (Eds.), Proceedings of the SPIE, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V, Vol. 3959, Jan 2000, San Jose, CA. doi: 10.1117/12.387188
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., & Vorderer, P. (2009). The video game experience as “true” identification: A theory of enjoyable alterations of players’ self-perception. Communication Theory, 19(4), 351-373.
Konijn, A., & Bijvank, M. N. (2009). Doors to another me. Identity construction through digital game play. In U. Ritterfeld, M. Cody, & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Serious games: Mechanisms and effects (pp. 179-203). New York & London: Routledge.
Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27-50.
Lercari, N., Forte, M., & Onsurez, L. (2013). Multimodal reconstruction of landscape in serious games for heritage: An insight on the creation of Fort Ross Virtual Warehouse serious game. In Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), 2, Oct 2013, Marseille, France (pp. 231–238).
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(2). doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x
Menna, F., Nocerino, E., Remondino, F., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Scopigno, R. (2016). 3D digitization of a heritage masterpiece - a critical analysis on quality assessment. In The Int. Archives of the photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Inform. Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, Vol. XLIB5 (pp. 675–683).
Mestre, D. R., & Fuchs, P. (2006). Immersion et presence. In P. Fuchs, G. Moreau, A. Berthoz, & J. L.Vercher (Eds.), Le traite ́de la realite ́ virtuelle (pp. 309 –38). Paris, FR: Ecole des Mines de Paris.
Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Learning science in virtual reality multimedia environments: Role of media and methods. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(3), 598-610.
Mortara, M., Catalano, C.E., Bellotti, F., Fiucci, G., Houry-Panchetti, M., & Petridis, P. (2014). Learning cultural heritage by serious games. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 318–325.
Papagiannakis, G., Foni, A., & Magnenat-Thalmann, N. (2003). Real-Time recreated ceremonies in VR restituted cultural heritage sites. CIPA International Symposium.
Pietroni, P. & Rufa, C. (2012) Natural interaction in Virtual Environments for Cultural Heritage: Giotto in 3D and Etruscanning study cases. Virtual Archaeology Review, 3(7), 86-91
Qian, M., & Clark, K. R. (2016). Game-based learning and 21st century skills: A review of recent research. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 50-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.023
Rizvic, S., Okanovic, V., Prazina, I., & Sadzak, A. (2016). 4D Virtual Reconstruction of White Bastion Fortress. Proceedings of 14th EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Oct 2016, Genoa, Italy (pp. 79-82).
Salyers, J., Cliburn, D., Sparks, E., Culilap, J. L, Kuo, S., Sabbatino, K., Sanchez, R., Thomasson, D. & Tvergyak, H. (2017). Little Manila: A Digital Recreation. Proceedings of 15th Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Sept 2017, Graz, Austria (pp. 103-107). doi: 10.2312/gch.20171299
Semb, G.B. & Ellis, J.A. (1994). Knowledge Taught in School: What Is Remembered? Review of Educational Research 64(2), 253-286. doi: 10.2307/1170695
Sheridan, T. (1992). Musings on telepresence and virtual presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(1), 120-125.
Shih, J-L., Jheng, S-C., & Tseng, J-J. (2015). A simulated learning environment of history games for enhancing players’ cultural awareness. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(2), 191–211. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.997249
Slater, M., & Wilbur, S. (1997). A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(6), 603-616.
Stanco, F., Tanasi, D., Buffa, M., Basile, B., Grana, C., & Cucchiara, R., (2011). Augmented Perception of the Past: The Case of the Telamon from the Greek Theater of Syracuse. Multimedia for Cultural Heritage: First International Workshop, MM4CH 2011, May 2011, Modena, Italy (pp. 126-135).
Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 73-93.
Tamborini, R., & Skalski, P. (2006). The Role of Presence in the Experience of Electronic Games. In Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences (Chapter 16, pp. 225-240). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. doi: 10.4324/9780203873700
Torrente, M. L., Biasotti, S. & Falcidieno, B. (2018). Recognition of feature curves on 3D shapes using an algebraic approach to Hough transforms. Pattern Recognition, 73, 111-130.
Tychsen, A., Hitchens M., Brolund T., & Kavakli M. (2006). Live action role-playing games: control, communication, storytelling, and MMORPG similarities. Games and Culture, 1(3), 252–275. doi: 10.1177/1555412006290445
Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Böcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., … Jäncke, P. (2007). A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences. Media Psychology, 9(3), 493-525. doi: 10.1080/15213260701283079
Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., & Lisher, D. A. (2009). Empathy and altruism. In C. R. Snyder, & Shane J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 417-426). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Biasotti, S., Cerri, A., Falcidieno, B. & Spagnuolo, M. (2015). 3D artifacts similarity based on the concurrent evaluation of heterogeneous properties. ACM Journal on computing and cultural heritage, 8(4). doi: 10.1145/2747882
Biocca, F., Inoue, Y., Lee, A., Polinsky, H., & Tang, A. (2002). Visual cues and virtual touch: Role of visual stimuli and intersensory integration in cross-modal haptic illusions and the sense of presence. Fifth International Workshop on Presence, June 2001, Porto, Portugal (247–265).
Catalano, C.E., Repetto, A. & Spagnuolo, M. (2017), A dashboard for the analysis of tangible heritage artefacts: a case study in archaeology. EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Graz, Austria, 27-29, 2017.
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 245-264. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0403_01
Cohen, J. (2006). Audience identification with media characters. In J. Bryant, & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Psychology of entertainment (pp. 183-197). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Damala, A., Hornecker, E., van der Vaart, M.,van Dick, D., & Ruthven, I. (2016). The Loupe: Tangible Augmented Reality for Learning to Look at Ancient Greek Art. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 16(5), 73-85.
Draper, J. V., Kaber, D. B., & Usher, J. M. (1998). TelePresence. Human Factors, 40(3), 354-375.
Earp, J. Catalano, C. E., & Mortara, M. (2015). Investigating the Deployment of Serious Games in Secondary Education: A Pilot Study Inspired by Design-Based Research. Lecture notes in computer science, Volume 9221, International Conference on Games and Learning Alliance GALA 2014, July 2014, Bucharest, Romania (pp. 5-15).
Fanini, B., & Pagano, A. (2015). Interface Design for Serious Game Visual Strategies - The Case Study of Imago Bononiae. Digital Heritage 2015 International Congress Proceedings. Oct 2015, Granada, Spain (pp. 623-626). doi: 10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7419583
Frischer, B. (2013). Introduction with Remarks on Digital Restoration of the Richmond Caligula and Its Methodological Implications. In Papers of the NEH Symposium "Caligula 3D" Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Dec. 2013, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Retrieved from http://www.digitalsculpture.org/papers/frischer/frischer_paper.html
Grouling Cover, J. (2010). The Creation of Narrative in Tabletop Role-Playing Games. McFarland & Company. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co Inc.
Gutierrez, D., Frischer, B., Cerezo, E., Gomez, A., & Seron, F., (2007). AI and virtual crowds: Populating the Colosseum. Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2007, 176-185. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2007.01.007
Happ, C., Melzer, A., & Steffgen, G. (2013). Superman vs. BAD man? The effects of empathy and game character in violent video games.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 774-778.
Heeter, C. (1992). Being There: The subjective experience of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(2), 262-271.
Hugues, O., Fuchs, P., & Nannipieri, O. (2011). New Augmented Reality Taxonomy: Technologies and Features of Augmented Environment. Furht, Borko Editors. Handbook of Augmented Reality, Springer, pp.47-63.
Ijsselsteijn, W. A., de Ridder, H., Freeman, J., & Avons, S. E. (2000). Presence: Concept, determinants and measurement. In B. E. Rogowitz, & T. N. Pappas (Eds.), Proceedings of the SPIE, Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V, Vol. 3959, Jan 2000, San Jose, CA. doi: 10.1117/12.387188
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., & Vorderer, P. (2009). The video game experience as “true” identification: A theory of enjoyable alterations of players’ self-perception. Communication Theory, 19(4), 351-373.
Konijn, A., & Bijvank, M. N. (2009). Doors to another me. Identity construction through digital game play. In U. Ritterfeld, M. Cody, & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Serious games: Mechanisms and effects (pp. 179-203). New York & London: Routledge.
Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication Theory, 14(1), 27-50.
Lercari, N., Forte, M., & Onsurez, L. (2013). Multimodal reconstruction of landscape in serious games for heritage: An insight on the creation of Fort Ross Virtual Warehouse serious game. In Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), 2, Oct 2013, Marseille, France (pp. 231–238).
Lombard, M., & Ditton, T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(2). doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x
Menna, F., Nocerino, E., Remondino, F., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Scopigno, R. (2016). 3D digitization of a heritage masterpiece - a critical analysis on quality assessment. In The Int. Archives of the photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Inform. Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, Vol. XLIB5 (pp. 675–683).
Mestre, D. R., & Fuchs, P. (2006). Immersion et presence. In P. Fuchs, G. Moreau, A. Berthoz, & J. L.Vercher (Eds.), Le traite ́de la realite ́ virtuelle (pp. 309 –38). Paris, FR: Ecole des Mines de Paris.
Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Learning science in virtual reality multimedia environments: Role of media and methods. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(3), 598-610.
Mortara, M., Catalano, C.E., Bellotti, F., Fiucci, G., Houry-Panchetti, M., & Petridis, P. (2014). Learning cultural heritage by serious games. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 318–325.
Papagiannakis, G., Foni, A., & Magnenat-Thalmann, N. (2003). Real-Time recreated ceremonies in VR restituted cultural heritage sites. CIPA International Symposium.
Pietroni, P. & Rufa, C. (2012) Natural interaction in Virtual Environments for Cultural Heritage: Giotto in 3D and Etruscanning study cases. Virtual Archaeology Review, 3(7), 86-91
Qian, M., & Clark, K. R. (2016). Game-based learning and 21st century skills: A review of recent research. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 50-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.023
Rizvic, S., Okanovic, V., Prazina, I., & Sadzak, A. (2016). 4D Virtual Reconstruction of White Bastion Fortress. Proceedings of 14th EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Oct 2016, Genoa, Italy (pp. 79-82).
Salyers, J., Cliburn, D., Sparks, E., Culilap, J. L, Kuo, S., Sabbatino, K., Sanchez, R., Thomasson, D. & Tvergyak, H. (2017). Little Manila: A Digital Recreation. Proceedings of 15th Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Sept 2017, Graz, Austria (pp. 103-107). doi: 10.2312/gch.20171299
Semb, G.B. & Ellis, J.A. (1994). Knowledge Taught in School: What Is Remembered? Review of Educational Research 64(2), 253-286. doi: 10.2307/1170695
Sheridan, T. (1992). Musings on telepresence and virtual presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(1), 120-125.
Shih, J-L., Jheng, S-C., & Tseng, J-J. (2015). A simulated learning environment of history games for enhancing players’ cultural awareness. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(2), 191–211. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.997249
Slater, M., & Wilbur, S. (1997). A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(6), 603-616.
Stanco, F., Tanasi, D., Buffa, M., Basile, B., Grana, C., & Cucchiara, R., (2011). Augmented Perception of the Past: The Case of the Telamon from the Greek Theater of Syracuse. Multimedia for Cultural Heritage: First International Workshop, MM4CH 2011, May 2011, Modena, Italy (pp. 126-135).
Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 73-93.
Tamborini, R., & Skalski, P. (2006). The Role of Presence in the Experience of Electronic Games. In Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences (Chapter 16, pp. 225-240). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. doi: 10.4324/9780203873700
Torrente, M. L., Biasotti, S. & Falcidieno, B. (2018). Recognition of feature curves on 3D shapes using an algebraic approach to Hough transforms. Pattern Recognition, 73, 111-130.
Tychsen, A., Hitchens M., Brolund T., & Kavakli M. (2006). Live action role-playing games: control, communication, storytelling, and MMORPG similarities. Games and Culture, 1(3), 252–275. doi: 10.1177/1555412006290445
Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Böcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., … Jäncke, P. (2007). A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences. Media Psychology, 9(3), 493-525. doi: 10.1080/15213260701283079