Problem Based Learning for distance education in the health sector
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Published
Dec 31, 2013
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Abstract
Since 2004, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità has been providing distance training in Public Health, testing innovative learning models based on the integration of active learning methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), originally devised for classroom learning, with e-learning tools. PBL is an active learning method where participants work in small groups to solve real-world problems that mirror their working context; the goal is to develop lifelong learning skills. This paper describes an innovative model for the implementation of PBL in e-learning. It was tested within a Master’s course in Clinical Governance for Internal Medicine using the Moodle platform. This modality provided a higher level of interactivity than other previouslydelivered distance learning courses. The results obtained highlight the strengths and limitations of the model, which has been adopted for the second edition of the course.
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References
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De Graaff E., Kolmos A. (2003). Characteristics of problem-based learning. International Journal of Engineering Education, 19 (5), pp. 657-662.
De Virgilio G. (2011). One Day-One Problem Problem- based Learning (ODOP-PBL) for Continuing Education of Health Professionals. Education for Health 11, 24 (2), p. 346, http://www.educationforhealth.net/publishedarticles/ article_print_346.pdf (ultima consultazione 17.07.2012)
De Vita L., Barbina D., Carbone P., Granata O., Guerrera D., Bonciani M., Mazzaccara A., Torsello A., Taruscio D., Guerra R. (2009). Il metodo dell’apprendimento per problemi (PBL) in un corso di formazione a distanza (FAD) sulla prevenzione delle malformazioni congenite. In Taruscio D., Carbone P. (eds). Convegno annuale. Network Italiano Promozione Acido Folico per la Prevenzione Primaria di Difetti Congeniti. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Roma, 9 ottobre 2009. Riassunti. Roma, IT: Istituto Superiore di Sanità. ISTISAN Congressi, 09/C8, pp. 36-37.
Docherty C., Hoy D., Topp H., Trinder K. (2005). eLearning techniques supporting problem based learning in clinical simulation. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 74 (7-8), pp. 527-533.
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Guilbert J.J. (1977). Educational handbook for health personnel. Ginevra, CH: WHO.
Hmelo-Silver C.E., Nagarajan A., Derry S.J. (2006). From face-to-face to online participation: tensions in facilitating problem-based learning. In M. Savin-Baden, K. Wilkie (eds.). Problem-based Learning Online. Maidenhead, UK: McGraw Hill, pp. 61-78.
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Kolmos A., Kuru S., Hansen H., Eskil T., Podesta L., Fink F., De Graaff E., Uwe Wolff J. (2007). Problem Based Learning. TREE - Teaching and Research in Engineering in Europe. http://www3.unifi.it/tree/dl/oc/b5.pdf (ultima ultima consultazione 17.07.2012).
Lindeman E.C. (1926). The meaning of adult education. New York, NY, USA: New Republic (1989 rev. Ed.). Norman, OK, USA: Oklahoma Research Center for Continuing Professional and Higher Education.
Mazzaccara A., Kergall T., Bonciani M., Fauci A., Trama A., Scotti L., Guerra R. (2007). Master internazionale di gestione dei servizi sanitari. Problem Based Learning e formazione personalizzata in un modulo didattico ingegnerizzato. Roma, IT: Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Rapporti ISTISAN 07/44.
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Midoro V. (2002). Dalle comunità di pratica alle comunità di apprendimento virtuali. TD Tecnologie Didattiche, 10 (1), pp. 3-10. http://www.tdjournal.itd.cnr.it/files/pdfarticles/ PDF25/Com_Pratica.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Moeller S., Spitzer K., Spreckelsen C. (2010). How to configure blended problem based learning. Results of a randomized trial. Medical Teacher, 32 (8), pp. 328-346.
Neville A.J. (1999). The problem-based learning tutor: Teacher? Facilitator? Evaluator? Medical Teacher, 21 (4), pp. 393-401.
Newman M. (2003). A pilot systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning. Newcastle, UK: Learning & Teaching Subject Network Centre for Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine.
Olimpo G., Trentin G. (1993). La telematica nella didattica: come e quando. Un’analisi dei possibili ruoli e significati che la telematica può assumere nei differenti momenti della didattica. TD Tecnologie Didattiche, 1 (2), pp. 4-17. http://www.tdjournal.itd.cnr.it/files/pdfarticles/ PDF02/telematica.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Pardo A., Kloos C.D. (2009). Combining Web 2.0 technology and problem-based learning in a blended learning environment. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Lifelong Learning, 19 (2/3), pp. 222-231.
Savin-Baden M. (2008). A Practical Guide to Problem-based Learning Online. London, UK: Routledge.
Schmidt H.G. (1989). The rationale behind problem- based learning. In H.G. Schmidt, M. Lipkin Jr, M.W. de Vries, J.M. Greep (eds.). New directions for medical education. Problem-based learning and community-oriented medical education. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, pp. 105-111.
Siri A., Sacchi G., Scarinci A., Sasso L., Lotti A. (2010). Il PBL incontra Web 2.0: un caso di studio all’Università di Genova. In M. Castellano (ed.). Atti del Convegno MoodleMoot 2010 (Bari, 2-3 luglio 2010). Bari, IT: Wip Edizioni.
Smits P.B., Verbeek J.H., de Buisonjé C.D. (2002). Problem based learning in continuing medical education: a review of controlled evaluation studies. BMJ British Medical Journal, 324, pp.153-156.
Spinello E.F., Fischbach R. (2008). Using a Web- Based Simulation as a Problem-Based Learning Experience: Perceived and Actual Performance of Undergraduate Public Health Students. Public Health Reports, 123 (2), pp. 78-84.
Taradi K.S., Taradi M., Radic K., Pokrajac N. (2005). Blending problem-based learning with Web technology positively impacts student learning outcomes in acid-base physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, 29 (1), pp. 35- 39.
Bamidis P.D., Konstantinidis S.T., Bratsas C., Kaldoudi E. (2009). Enhancing medical curricula via online problem based learning - Experiences using Web 2.0 Technologies. In Proceedings of INTED 2009: International Technology, Education and Development Conference (Valencia, 9- 11 marzo 2009). Valencia, ES: IATED, pp. 5221- 5230.
Barbina D., Bonciani M., Guerrera D., Mazzaccara A., Guerra R. (2010). E-learning per la medicina interna: sperimentazione di un modello a elevata interattività. In M. Castellano (ed.). Atti del Convegno MoodleMoot 2010 (Bari, 2-3 luglio 2010). Bari, IT: Wip Edizioni. http://www.iss.it/binary/ures/cont/URE_moodlemoot_ 2010.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Barbina D., Bonciani M., Guerrera D., Mazzaccara A., Guerra R. (2011a). La formazione in Sanità Pubblica con Moodle: l’esperienza dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità. In M. Baldoni, C. Baroglio, S. Coriasco, M. Marchisio, S. Rabellino (eds.). E-Learning con Moodle in Italia: una sfida tra passato, presente e futuro. Torino, IT: Seneca Edizioni, pp. 95-104.
Barbina D., Bonciani M., Guerrera D., Mazzaccara A., Guerra R. (2011b). Case study - National Health Institute, Italy. In J. Cole, G. Henrick, J. Cole (eds.). Moodle 2.0 for business. Beginner’s guide. Implement Moodle in your business to streamline your interview, training, and internal communication processes. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, pp.161-164.
Barrows H.S., Tamblyn R.M. (1980). Problembased learning: an approach to medical education. New York, NY, USA: Springer Publishing Company.
Calvani A., Rotta M. (2000). Comunicazione e apprendimento in Internet. Trento, IT: Erickson.
Caprara G.V. (ed.) (2001). La valutazione dell’autoefficacia. Costrutti e strumenti. Trento, IT: Erickson. Castaldo F. (2004). Un’esperienza di didattica integrata: nuove tecnologie e formazione presso la cattedra di Storia delle dottrine politiche. TD Tecnologie Didattiche, 12 (3), pp.15-21. http://www.tdjournal.itd.cnr.it/files/pdfarticles/ PDF33/castaldo.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Cren E. (2009). La formazione on-line in ambito sanitario: modello integrativo per l’aggiornamento e la formazione avanzata. Tesi di dottorato in Medicina materno-infantile, pediatria dello sviluppo e dell’educazione, perinatologia. Università degli studi di Trieste, A.A. 2008- 2009. http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/handle/ 10077/3626 (ultima consultazione 17.07.2012).
De Graaff E., Kolmos A. (2003). Characteristics of problem-based learning. International Journal of Engineering Education, 19 (5), pp. 657-662.
De Virgilio G. (2011). One Day-One Problem Problem- based Learning (ODOP-PBL) for Continuing Education of Health Professionals. Education for Health 11, 24 (2), p. 346, http://www.educationforhealth.net/publishedarticles/ article_print_346.pdf (ultima consultazione 17.07.2012)
De Vita L., Barbina D., Carbone P., Granata O., Guerrera D., Bonciani M., Mazzaccara A., Torsello A., Taruscio D., Guerra R. (2009). Il metodo dell’apprendimento per problemi (PBL) in un corso di formazione a distanza (FAD) sulla prevenzione delle malformazioni congenite. In Taruscio D., Carbone P. (eds). Convegno annuale. Network Italiano Promozione Acido Folico per la Prevenzione Primaria di Difetti Congeniti. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Roma, 9 ottobre 2009. Riassunti. Roma, IT: Istituto Superiore di Sanità. ISTISAN Congressi, 09/C8, pp. 36-37.
Docherty C., Hoy D., Topp H., Trinder K. (2005). eLearning techniques supporting problem based learning in clinical simulation. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 74 (7-8), pp. 527-533.
Donnelly R. (2006). Blended problem-based learning for teacher education: Lessons learnt. Learn Media Technolology, 31 (2), pp. 93–116.
Guilbert J.J. (1977). Educational handbook for health personnel. Ginevra, CH: WHO.
Hmelo-Silver C.E., Nagarajan A., Derry S.J. (2006). From face-to-face to online participation: tensions in facilitating problem-based learning. In M. Savin-Baden, K. Wilkie (eds.). Problem-based Learning Online. Maidenhead, UK: McGraw Hill, pp. 61-78.
Koh G.C., Khoo H.E., Wong M.L., Koh D. (2008) The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178 (1), pp. 34-41.
Kolmos A., Kuru S., Hansen H., Eskil T., Podesta L., Fink F., De Graaff E., Uwe Wolff J. (2007). Problem Based Learning. TREE - Teaching and Research in Engineering in Europe. http://www3.unifi.it/tree/dl/oc/b5.pdf (ultima ultima consultazione 17.07.2012).
Lindeman E.C. (1926). The meaning of adult education. New York, NY, USA: New Republic (1989 rev. Ed.). Norman, OK, USA: Oklahoma Research Center for Continuing Professional and Higher Education.
Mazzaccara A., Kergall T., Bonciani M., Fauci A., Trama A., Scotti L., Guerra R. (2007). Master internazionale di gestione dei servizi sanitari. Problem Based Learning e formazione personalizzata in un modulo didattico ingegnerizzato. Roma, IT: Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Rapporti ISTISAN 07/44.
Michael J. (2006). Where’s the evidence that active learning works?. Advances in Physiology Education, 30 (4), pp. 159-167.
Midoro V. (2002). Dalle comunità di pratica alle comunità di apprendimento virtuali. TD Tecnologie Didattiche, 10 (1), pp. 3-10. http://www.tdjournal.itd.cnr.it/files/pdfarticles/ PDF25/Com_Pratica.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Moeller S., Spitzer K., Spreckelsen C. (2010). How to configure blended problem based learning. Results of a randomized trial. Medical Teacher, 32 (8), pp. 328-346.
Neville A.J. (1999). The problem-based learning tutor: Teacher? Facilitator? Evaluator? Medical Teacher, 21 (4), pp. 393-401.
Newman M. (2003). A pilot systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning. Newcastle, UK: Learning & Teaching Subject Network Centre for Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine.
Olimpo G., Trentin G. (1993). La telematica nella didattica: come e quando. Un’analisi dei possibili ruoli e significati che la telematica può assumere nei differenti momenti della didattica. TD Tecnologie Didattiche, 1 (2), pp. 4-17. http://www.tdjournal.itd.cnr.it/files/pdfarticles/ PDF02/telematica.pdf (ultima consultazione 09.10.2013).
Pardo A., Kloos C.D. (2009). Combining Web 2.0 technology and problem-based learning in a blended learning environment. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Lifelong Learning, 19 (2/3), pp. 222-231.
Savin-Baden M. (2008). A Practical Guide to Problem-based Learning Online. London, UK: Routledge.
Schmidt H.G. (1989). The rationale behind problem- based learning. In H.G. Schmidt, M. Lipkin Jr, M.W. de Vries, J.M. Greep (eds.). New directions for medical education. Problem-based learning and community-oriented medical education. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, pp. 105-111.
Siri A., Sacchi G., Scarinci A., Sasso L., Lotti A. (2010). Il PBL incontra Web 2.0: un caso di studio all’Università di Genova. In M. Castellano (ed.). Atti del Convegno MoodleMoot 2010 (Bari, 2-3 luglio 2010). Bari, IT: Wip Edizioni.
Smits P.B., Verbeek J.H., de Buisonjé C.D. (2002). Problem based learning in continuing medical education: a review of controlled evaluation studies. BMJ British Medical Journal, 324, pp.153-156.
Spinello E.F., Fischbach R. (2008). Using a Web- Based Simulation as a Problem-Based Learning Experience: Perceived and Actual Performance of Undergraduate Public Health Students. Public Health Reports, 123 (2), pp. 78-84.
Taradi K.S., Taradi M., Radic K., Pokrajac N. (2005). Blending problem-based learning with Web technology positively impacts student learning outcomes in acid-base physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, 29 (1), pp. 35- 39.