QUIS IUDICABIT IPSOS IUDICES? ANALISI DELLO SVILUPPO DI COMPETENZE IN UN PERCORSO DI FORMAZIONE PER INSEGNANTI TRAMITE LA VALUTAZIONE TRA PARI E L’AUTOVALUTAZIONE

Contenuto principale dell'articolo

Laura Carlotta Foschi
Graziano Cecchinato
Filippo Say

Abstract

Lo studio descritto nel presente contributo ha preso in esame il grado di concordanza fra le valutazioni tra pari e l’autovalutazione di elaborati realizzati dagli insegnanti coinvolti in un percorso di formazione e quelle dei docenti del corso. Questo confronto ha consentito di indagare, da un lato, lo sviluppo di competenze valutative nell’ambito dell’approccio metodologico proposto con l’intervento di formazione e, dall’altro, la validità di queste procedure di valutazione in un ambito nel quale sono poco esplorate, come quello della formazione degli insegnanti in servizio. Vengono illustrati: l’oggetto, le metodologie didattiche e le finalità dell’intervento formativo; le modalità di conduzione dei processi di valutazione tra pari, autovalutazione e valutazione dei docenti e le potenzialità degli strumenti digitali adottati per tali processi (Peergrade); le analisi statistiche condotte e i risultati ottenuti. Da questi ultimi emergono buoni e ottimi gradi di concordanza fra le valutazioni degli insegnanti e quelle dei docenti del corso, le cui implicazioni vengono discusse.

Dettagli dell'articolo

Sezione
Articoli - Numero speciale

Riferimenti bibliografici

Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, ... Wittrock, M. C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. New York, NY, USA: Longman.

Anolli, L., & Mantovani, F. (2011). Come funziona la nostra mente. Bologna, IT: Il Mulino.

Ausubel, D. P., Novak, J. D., & Hanessian, H. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York, NY, USA: Holt Rinehart and Wilson.

Baker, W. J. (2000). The “classroom flip”: Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side. Cedarville University: Communication Faculty Publication, 9-17.

Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.

Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. Proceedings – 120th ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7-74. doi: 10.1080/0969595980050102

Bloxham, S., & West, A. (2004). Understanding the rules of the game: Marking peer assessment as a medium for developing students’ conceptions of assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(6), 721-733. doi: 10.1080/0260293042000227254

Brown, G. T. L., & Harris, L. R. (2013). Student self-assessment. In J. H. McMillan (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of research on classroom assessment (pp. 367–393). Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage.

Carless, D. (2007). Learning-oriented assessment: Conceptual bases and practical implications. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(1), 57-66. doi: 10.1080/14703290601081332

Carless, D., Salter, D., Yang, M., & Lam, J. (2011). Developing sustainable feedback practices. Studies in Higher Education, 36(4), 395-407. doi: 10.1080/03075071003642449

Cecchinato, G. (2014). Flipped classroom, innovare la scuola con le tecnologie digitali. TD Tecnologie didattiche, 22(1), 11-20.

Cecchinato, G. & Papa, R. (2016). Flipped classroom: un nuovo modo di insegnare e apprendere. Torino, IT: UTET.

Cecchinato G. & Papa R. (2018). Gaming experience a scuola: innovare la didattica nell’ecosistema digitale. In La formazione nell'era delle Smart City. Esperienze ed Orizzonti. Milano, IT: Monduzzi Editoriale.

Cheng, M. M. H., Cheng, A. Y. N., & Tang, S. Y. F. (2010). Closing the gap between the theory and practice of teaching: Implications for teacher education programmes in Hong Kong. Journal of Education for Teaching, 36(1), 91-104. doi: 10.1080/02607470903462222

Cho, K., & MacArthur, C. (2010). Student revision with peer and expert reviewing. Learning and Instruction, 20(4), 328-338. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.08.006

Cho, K., & MacArthur, C. (2011). Learning by reviewing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(1), 73-84. doi: 10.1037/a0021950

Cho, K., Schunn, C. D., & Wilson, R. W. (2006). Validity and reliability of scaffolded peer assessment of writing from instructor and student perspectives. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(4), 891-901. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.891

Davies, P. (2006). Peer assessment: Judging the quality of students work by comments rather than marks. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 43(1), 69-82. doi: 10.1080/14703290500467566

De Beni, R., & Moè, A. (2000). Motivazione e apprendimento. Bologna, IT: il Mulino.

Dewey, J. (2007). Experience and education. New York, NY, USA: Simon & Schuster.

Falchikov, N. (1995). Peer feedback marking: Developing peer assessment. Programmed Learning, 32(2), 175-187. doi: 10.1080/1355800950320212

Falchikov, N., & Goldfinch, J. (2000). Student peer assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis comparing peer and teacher marks. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 287-322. doi: 10.3102/00346543070003287

Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA, USA: Stanford University Press.

Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York, NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.

Harris, J. R. (2011). Peer assessment in large undergraduate classes: An evaluation of a procedure for marking laboratory reports and a review of related practices. American Journal of Physiology - Advances in Physiology Education, 35(2), 178-187. doi: 10.1152/advan.00115.2010

Hattie, J. (2016). Apprendimento visibile, insegnamento efficace. Metodi e strategie di successo dalla ricerca evidence-based. Trento, IT: Erickson.

Jenkins, H., Purushotma, R., Weigel, M., Clinton, K., & Robison, A. J. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. Cambridge, MA, USA: Mit Press.

Jonassen, D. H. (2008). Meaningful learning with technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall.

Kaufman, J. H., & Schunn, C. D. (2011). Students' perceptions about peer assessment for writing: Their origin and impact on revision work. Instructional Science, 39(3), 387-406. doi: 10.1007/s11251-010-9133-6

Keengwe, J., Onchwari, G., & Oigara, J. (2014). Promoting active learning through the flipped classroom model. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global.

Kendall, M. G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30(1/2), 81-93. doi: 10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81

Kovach, R. A., Resch, D. S., & Verhulst, S. J. (2009). Peer assessment of professionalism: A five-year experience in medical clerkship. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(6), 742-746. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-0961-5

Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2

Lage, M. J., Platt, G. J., & Treglia, M. (2000). Inverting the classroom: A gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment. Journal of Economic Education, 31(1), 30-43. doi: 10.2307/1183338

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. doi: 10.2307/2529310

Li, H., Xiong, Y., Zang, X., Kornhaber, M. L., Lyu, Y., Chung, K. S., & Suen, H. K. (2016). Peer assessment in the digital age: A meta-analysis comparing peer and teacher ratings. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(2), 245-264. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2014.999746

Liu, N., & Carless, D. (2006). Peer feedback: The learning element of peer assessment. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(3), 279-290. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562510600680582

Lynch, R., McNamara, P. M., & Seery, N. (2012). Promoting deep learning in a teacher education programme through self- and peer-assessment and feedback. European Journal of Teacher Education, 35(2), 179-197. doi: 10.1080/02619768.2011.643396

Magin, D. (2001). Reciprocity as a source of bias in multiple peer assessment of group work. Studies in Higher Education, 26(1), 52-63. doi: 10.1080/03075070020030715

Mayer, R. E. (2002). Rote versus meaningful learning. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 226-232. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4104_4

Mazur, E. (1997). Peer instruction: A user's manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall.

Miller, P. J. (2003). The effect of scoring criteria specificity on peer and self-assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 28(4), 383-394. doi: 10.1080/0260293032000066218

Nicol, D. (2010). From monologue to dialogue: Improving written feedback processes in mass higher education. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 35(5), 501-517. doi: 10.1080/02602931003786559

Nicol, D., & MacFarlane-Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: A model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199-218. doi: 10.1080/03075070600572090

Nicol, D., Thomson, A., & Breslin, C. (2014). Rethinking feedback practices in higher education: A peer review perspective. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 39(1), 102-122. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2013.795518

Novak, J. D. (2002). Meaningful learning: The essential factor for conceptual change in limited or inappropriate propositional hierarchies leading to empowerment of learners. Science Education, 86(4), 548-571. doi: 10.1002/sce.10032

O'Mahony, T. K., Vye, N. J., Bransford, J. D., Sanders, E. A., Stevens, R., Stephens, ... Soleiman, M. K. (2012). A comparison of lecture-based and challenge-based learning in a workplace setting: Course designs, patterns of interactivity, and learning outcomes. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 21(1), 182-206. doi: 10.1080/10508406.2011.611775

Orsmond, P., Merry, S., & Reiling, K. (2002). The use of exemplars and formative feedback when using student derived marking criteria in peer and self-assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 27(4), 309-323. doi: 10.1080/0260293022000001337

Panadero, E., Brown, G. T. L., & Strijbos, J. (2016). The future of student self-assessment: A review of known unknowns and potential directions. Educational Psychology Review, 28(4), 803-830. doi: 10.1007/s10648-015-9350-2

Panadero, E., Tapia, J. A., & Huertas, J. A. (2012). Rubrics and self-assessment scripts effects on self-regulation, learning and self-efficacy in secondary education. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(6), 806-813. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.04.007

Piaget, J. (1974). La prise de conscience. Paris, FR: PUF.

Piech, C., Huang, J., Chen, Z., Do, C., Ng, A., & Koller, D. (2013). Tuned models of peer assessment in MOOCs. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Poon, W., McNaught, C., Lam, P., & Kwan, H. S. (2009). Improving assessment methods in university science education with negotiated self‐and peer‐assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 16(3), 331-346. doi: 10.1080/09695940903319729

Price, M., Handley, K., & Millar, J. (2011). Feedback: Focusing attention on engagement. Studies in Higher Education, 36(8), 879-896. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2010.483513

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

Sadler, D. R. (1987). Specifying and promulgating achievement standards. Oxford Review of Education, 13(2), 191-209. doi: 10.1080/0305498870130207

Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18(2), 119-144. doi: 10.1007/BF00117714

Sadler, P. M., & Good, E. (2006). The impact of self- and peer-grading on student learning. Educational Assessment, 11(1), 1-31.

Schwartz, D. L., Lin, X., Brophy, S., & Bransford, J. D. (1999). Toward the development of flexibly adaptive instructional designs. Hillsdale, MI: Erlbaum.

Sluijsmans, D. M. A., Brand-Gruwel, S., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2002). Peer assessment training in teacher education: Effects on performance and perceptions. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 27(5), 443-454. doi: 10.1080/0260293022000009311

Somervell, H. (1993). Issues in assessment, enterprise and higher education: The case for self-, peer and collaborative assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 18(3), 221-233. doi: 10.1080/0260293930180306

Talbert, R. (2017). Flipped learning: A guide for higher education faculty. Sterling, VA, USA: Stylus Publishing.

Tinsley, H. E., & Weiss, D. J. (1975). Interrater reliability and agreement of subjective judgments. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22(4), 358-376. doi: 10.1037/h0076640

Topping, K. (1998). Peer assessment between students in colleges and universities. Review of Educational Research, 68(3), 249-276. doi: 10.3102/00346543068003249

Topping, K. J. (2005). Trends in peer learning. Educational Psychology, 25(6), 631-645. doi: 10.1080/01443410500345172

Vickerman, P. (2009). Student perspectives on formative peer assessment: An attempt to deepen learning? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(2), 221-230. doi: 10.1080/02602930801955986

Wen, M. L., & Tsai, C. (2006). University students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward (online) peer assessment. Higher Education, 51(1), 27-44. doi: 10.1007/s10734-004-6375-8

Yan, Z., & Brown, G. T. L. (2017). A cyclical self-assessment process: Towards a model of how students engage in self-assessment. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(8), 1247-1262. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2016.1260091

Yilmaz, F. M. (2017). Reliability of scores obtained from self-, peer-, and teacher-assessments on teaching materials prepared by teacher candidates. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17(2), 395-409. doi: 10.12738/estp.2017.2.0098